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文章主要考察和分析日语否定疑问句的功能及与此相对应的汉语句式。通过考察和分析,文章认为日语的否定疑问句具有诱导功能和礼貌用法是因为它用否定形式来预设否定命题存在的可能性,并以此假设来委婉地表述说话人的意愿,以便给对方留有余地和空间。这种表述方式符合Lakoff(1977)的礼貌准则。与此相比,汉语的否定疑问句并没有这种功能和礼貌用法,反而是有失礼貌的语言行为。文章就其原因进行了分析,并给出了合理的说明。文章还就汉语肯定疑问句、正反问句与日语否定疑问句在某种意义上相对应的情况进行了考察和分析,并阐释了它们之间存在的语用机制的不同。
The article mainly investigates and analyzes the function of Japanese negative interrogative sentences and the corresponding Chinese sentence patterns. Through the investigation and analysis, the article thinks that Japanese negative interrogative sentences have the inductive function and polite usage because it uses the negative form to presuppose the possibility of negative propositions, and based on this assumption, the speaker’s will is euphemistically expressed in order to give each other There is room and space. This formulation follows the politeness principle of Lakoff (1977). In contrast, Chinese negative interrogative sentences do not have such functions and polite usage, but instead are rude language acts. The article analyzes its causes and gives a reasonable explanation. The essay also examines and analyzes the positive affirmative sentences, the positive and negative questions in Japanese and the negative sentences in Japanese in a certain sense, and explains the differences in the pragmatic mechanisms existing between them.