目的探讨某院近年来甲状腺癌手术例数的变化情况,分析甲状腺癌的发病率变化趋势和病理学特点。方法运用某院2000年-2014年1393例甲状腺癌患者的临床和病理学资料,对患者年龄、手术例数、医疗费用进行描述性分析。对于定量资料的差异性比较采用t检验,对于定性资料的差异性比较采用χ~2检验,运用SAS9.2进行统计学分析。结果甲状腺癌患者中女性患者1062例,男性患者331例,男女比为1:3.21,甲状腺癌患者主要在30岁~60岁之间。男女患者发病年龄差别无统计学意义(t检验,P=0.572)。随着年份的增加,甲状腺癌患者明显增加;男女患者甲状腺癌增长率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.30,P=0.5215),男女患者的增长曲线基本平行。结论甲状腺癌发病率呈逐年上升趋势,已严重威胁人群健康,虽然女性患者发病率明显高于男性,但是男性甲状腺癌发病率增长速度迅速,也要关注对男性甲状腺癌的预防。乳头状癌为最常见的病理类型,其他类型甲状腺癌发病率相对平稳。 Objective To investigate the changes of thyroid cancer surgery in a hospital in recent years and to analyze the changing trend and pathological characteristics of thyroid cancer. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 1393 thyroid cancer patients in a hospital from 2000 to 2014 were analyzed. Descriptive analysis was made on the patient’s age, number of surgical cases and medical expenses. The t-test was used to compare the difference of quantitative data, the chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of qualitative data, and SAS9.2 was used for statistical analysis. Results There were 1062 female patients and 331 male patients with thyroid cancer. The ratio of male to female was 1: 3.21. The thyroid cancer patients were mainly between 30 and 60 years old. There was no significant difference in age of onset between men and women (t test, P = 0.572). The thyroid cancer patients increased significantly with age. There was no significant difference in the rate of thyroid cancer between male and female patients (χ ~ 2 = 1.30, P = 0.5215). The growth curves were basically parallel between male and female patients. Conclusions The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing year by year and has seriously threatened the health of the population. Although the incidence of thyroid cancer in women is significantly higher than that of men, the incidence of thyroid cancer in men increases rapidly and the prevention of thyroid cancer in men is also concerned. Papillary carcinoma is the most common pathological type, the incidence of other types of thyroid cancer is relatively stable.