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目的:调查肿瘤住院患者的照护现状和期望,分析肿瘤患者在生理、心理及精神方面对照护的需求和存在的不足,为改进肿瘤住院患者照护品质提供实证依据。方法:采用问卷调查研究方法,应用自行编制的“肿瘤住院患者照护现状及期望问卷”对某三级甲等肿瘤专科医院的462名住院患者进行调查。结果:(1)462名肿瘤住院患者中,Barthel指数评分为(63.78±7.65)分,仅有3.2%无陪护,81.7%为亲人陪护,18.3%为职业陪护。(2)在日常生活性照护中的照护需求主要为提供饮食、购物、洗衣服和整理房间;患者对治疗相关性照护和情感表达性照护需求均较高。(3)照护实施者与期望者角色差异有统计学意义的项目为整理房间、陪伴检查、协助服药、翻身拍背、倾听倾述、陪伴聊天、疏导情绪、提供娱乐、缓解陌生感等(P<0.05)。结论:住院肿瘤患者具有较好的生活自理能力和愿望,照护者满足了较多的日常生活和治疗相关性照护需求,但对情感表达性照护需求的满足严重不足。通过完善医院人性化服务与配置,改善后勤保障支持等措施可较好满足患者日常生活和治疗相关照护的需求,减少对家庭照护者的依赖,但要改善情感表达照护需求的现状则是一个值得不断实践和研究的问题。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current situation and expectation of inpatients’ care in cancer patients, and to analyze the needs and existing shortages of the patients with cancer in physiology, psychology and psychology, and to provide evidences for improving the quality of inpatients with cancer. Methods: A total of 462 hospitalized patients in a tertiary A-grade oncology hospital were surveyed by means of a questionnaire survey using the self-prepared Inpatient Care Status and Expectations Questionnaire. Results: (1) Barthel index was (63.78 ± 7.65) points in 462 inpatients, only 3.2% were unaccompanied, 81.7% were relatives, and 18.3% were professionally accompanying. (2) The main care needs in daily living care are eating and drinking, shopping, washing clothes and arranging the rooms; patients have higher demand for treatment-related care and emotional expression care. (3) The role of caregivers and expectants was statistically significant items in order to organize the room, accompanied by examination, to help take medicine, stand back, listen to dumping, accompany chat, ease the mood, provide entertainment, ease the strangeness, etc. (P <0.05). Conclusion: Inpatients with oncology have better ability and desire to take care of themselves. Caregivers meet more daily life and treatment-related care needs, but their satisfaction with the needs of emotional expression is seriously inadequate. Measures such as improving the humanized service and allocation of hospitals and improving logistics support can better meet the needs of daily life and treatment-related care of the patients and reduce the dependence on family caregivers. However, it is worthwhile to improve the current situation of the emotional expression and care needs Constantly practicing and researching issues.