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目的通过对雄性昆明种小鼠经腹腔注射甲醛(Formaldehyde)后,观察动物的一般中毒情况;研究甲醛对各阶段生殖细胞的一般毒性及遗传物质的损伤。方法选用雄性昆明种小鼠为研究对象。动物染毒的甲醛低、中、高剂量分别为0.20mg/kg·bw、2.00mg/kg·bw、20.00mg/kg·bw。采用腹腔注射染毒5天,第6天处死一批小鼠,余下的小鼠于第14日处死。用HE染色法观察小鼠睾丸组织的病理改变;显微镜下观察精子数及精子头畸形;采用SCE和微核试验,判断生殖细胞遗传物质的损伤。初步揭示甲醛致生殖细胞遗传物质损伤的检测指标。结果1.甲醛导致小鼠睾丸组织的病理改变以生殖细胞变性为主,高剂量组出现个别精细胞坏死;2.甲醛各剂量组均引起精子数减少,精子头畸形率升高,与阴性对照组比较差异均有显著性(p<0.01);3.甲醛的中、高剂量组能诱致早期精细胞微核率和精原细胞SCE频率显著升高(p<0.05)。结论1.甲醛能诱致小鼠早期生殖细胞(精原细胞,初级精母细胞)遗传物质的损伤,引起较成熟、成熟的生殖细胞(次级精母细胞,精细胞,精子)变性、坏死。2.精子头畸形率是判断环境中甲醛对生殖细胞一般毒性及其遗传物质损伤的检测指标。
Objective To investigate the general poisoning status of male Kunming mice after intraperitoneal injection of Formaldehyde, and to study the general toxicity and genetic damage of formaldehyde to germ cells at all stages. Methods Male Kunming mice were selected as research objects. Low, medium and high doses of formaldehyde were 0.20mg / kg · bw, 2.00mg / kg · bw and 20.00mg / kg · bw respectively. Five days after intraperitoneal injection, a group of mice were sacrificed on day 6, and the remaining mice were sacrificed on the 14th day. The pathological changes of testicular tissue were observed by HE staining. The number of sperm and sperm head deformity were observed under microscope. The damage of germ cell genetic material was judged by SCE and micronucleus test. Preliminary detection of formaldehyde induced germ cell genetic material damage detection index. Formaldehyde caused the pathological changes in mouse testis germ cell degeneration, high-dose group of individual sperm necrosis; 2. Formaldehyde in each dose group caused a decrease in sperm count, sperm head deformity rate, and the negative control (P <0.01) .3. Formaldehyde medium and high dose groups could induce micronucleus rate of spermatogonia and SCE frequency of spermatogonia (p <0.05). Formaldehyde can induce the early genetic damage of germ cells (spermatogonia and primary spermatocyte) in mice, causing more mature and mature germ cells (secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and sperm) degeneration and necrosis. 2. Sperm head deformity rate is to determine the environmental formaldehyde on germ cells in general toxicity and genetic material damage detection indicators.