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为研究机车处于黏着极限态时轮对的动态行为,提出平均滑动率和动态滑动率的概念并对黏滑振动稳定性及其振动特点进行分析。黏滑振动是介于黏着和滑动的动态过程,其稳定性取决于轮轨黏着,减小平均滑动率和动态滑动率有利于黏滑振动稳定。当轮对在黏着及滑动状态的往复交替时,轮对旋转与轮对纵向振动通过轮轨纵向切向力耦合,轮对的纵向振动频率为轮对旋转固有振动频率的整数倍。建立机车机电、控制一体化系统动力学模型,再现轨面黏着条件降低时轮对黏滑振动现象,对理论分析结果进行验证。研究结果表明:增大机车一系纵向刚度,电动机吊挂刚度有利于黏滑振动稳定性,提高机车黏着性能,需要合理匹配轮对纵向定位刚度和电动机吊挂刚度,避免机车黏滑振动时引起结构共振。
In order to study the dynamic behavior of the wheelsets when the locomotive is in the sticking limit state, the concept of average sliding rate and dynamic sliding rate is proposed and the stability and vibration characteristics of the stick-slip vibration are analyzed. The stick-slip vibration is a dynamic process between sticking and sliding. Its stability depends on the wheel and rail sticking. Reducing the average slip ratio and the dynamic slip ratio are conducive to the stability of the stick-slip vibration. When the wheelset alternates reciprocatingly in the sticking and sliding state, the wheelset rotation is coupled with the wheelset longitudinal vibration through the wheel-rail longitudinal tangential force. The longitudinal vibration frequency of the wheelset is an integer multiple of the natural frequency of wheelset rotation. The establishment of locomotive electromechanical, integrated control system dynamics model, reproduction of rail surface adhesion conditions to reduce the slip on the phenomenon of stick slippery, to verify the theoretical analysis. The results show that increasing the longitudinal stiffness of the locomotive and the rigidity of the motor are beneficial to the stability of the stick-slip vibration and improving the adhesion performance of the locomotive. Reasonable matching of the longitudinal positioning stiffness of the wheelset and the stiffness of the motor should be made to avoid the stick-slip vibration of the locomotive Structural resonance.