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目的探讨青海省三江源地区近20年间鼠疫流行势态,为制定青海省鼠疫防制对策提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对20年间青海省三江源地区动物及人间鼠疫的三间分布和流行状况进行分析。结果 20年间,青海省三江源地区旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行猛烈,主要地区分布在玉树州和格尔木市唐古拉山乡,流行季节贯穿旱獭营地面活动的整个时期,流行高峰在6~8月份。人间鼠疫主要分布在囊谦、兴海等地区,流行期为每年的5~10月份,高峰在7~9月份,以9月份最高约占41.67%;20年间,青海省三江源地区共人间鼠疫疫情14起,发病48例,死亡17例,病死率为35.42%,48例病例中以肺型居多,首发以腺型为高。结论 20年间,青海省三江源地区疫源地始终处于活跃状态,动物间鼠疫疫情连续不断,参与流行的动物及昆虫种类不断增加;人间鼠疫病情重,病死率高,但人间鼠疫发病形势总体呈下降趋势。
Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of plague in the Three Rivers of Qinghai Province during the past 20 years and provide evidence for the development of plague prevention in Qinghai Province. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution and epidemic situation of the three plague in the Three Rivers of Qinghai Province over the past 20 years. Results During 20 years, the animal plague of the natural origins of the marmot plague in the Three Rivers in Qinghai Province was endemic. The main areas were located in Tanggula Township of Yushu Prefecture and Golmud City. The epidemic season ran through the ground during the marmot camp. The epidemic peak was between 6 and 8 month. Plague of human beings are mainly distributed in the areas of Zongqian and Xinghai. The epidemic period is from May to October every year. The peak is from July to September, with the highest in September accounting for 41.67%. In 20 years, the Plague of Human Plague in the Three Rivers Region of Qinghai Province Outbreak 14 cases, the incidence of 48 cases, 17 cases of death, the case fatality rate was 35.42%, 48 cases of pulmonary type mostly, the first gland type to high. Conclusions In 20 years, the epidemic areas in the Three River Source Region of Qinghai Province are always active. The outbreak of plague in animals is continuous and the number of endemic animals and insects is increasing. In human plague epidemics, the case fatality rate is high, but the incidence of human plague in general is Downtrend.