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微生物活动造成的原油生物降解作用发生于地球中大多数的油藏中 ,人们认为生物降解作用大大降低油藏中原油的质量。为成功寻找工业油藏 ,理解地质建造中生物降解作用发生的条件与过程是十分重要的。尽管最近的研究推测微生物活动在温度大于 15 0℃仍能有效地发生 ,但是人们普遍认为在地质时代 ,有效的石油生物降解作用通常发生在温度低于 80℃的储层中。然而奇怪的是在温度低于 80℃的储层中 ,还可发现未降解的原油。本文收集了一些油藏中有关生物降解程度的数据 ,发现未降解原油局限于埋藏浅的冷盆地。这些盆地曾是地球中更深、更热的部位 ,后经抬升作用形成的。我们认为这些石油储层在深埋过程中 ,在温度为 80～ 90℃时经历了灭菌作用 ,使得深部生物圈中降解烃类的生物停止活动。尽管这些储层后期抬升到较冷的部位并再次发生石油充注 ,也不会发生生物降解作用 ,表明灭菌后的沉积物不再适合降解烃类的细菌生长。
The biodegradation of crude oil caused by microbial activity occurs in most of the earth’s reservoirs, and biodegradation is thought to greatly reduce the quality of the crude oil in the reservoir. In order to successfully find industrial reservoirs, it is very important to understand the conditions and process of biodegradation in geological construction. Although recent studies have speculated that microbial activity can still occur efficiently at temperatures above 150 ° C, it is generally accepted that effective petroleum biodegradation generally occurs in reservoirs at temperatures below 80 ° C during geologic times. However, it is weird to find that undegraded crude oil can also be found in reservoirs at temperatures below 80 ° C. This article collected data on the degree of biodegradation in some reservoirs and found that undegraded crude oil is confined to shallow buried cold basins. These basins were once deeper and hotter parts of the earth that were formed by uplift. In our opinion, these petroleum reservoirs have undergone bacteriostasis during the deep burial process at temperatures of 80-90 ° C, and the organisms that degrade hydrocarbons in the deep biosphere are stopped. Although these reservoirs were uplifted to colder locations and recharged again in the later stages, biodegradation did not occur, indicating that the sterilized sediments are no longer suitable for bacterial growth of degraded hydrocarbons.