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目的探讨孕产妇乙型肝炎的感染率,了解孕产妇乙肝病毒的感染情况和感染途径,并探讨乙肝病毒母婴传播的可能途径。方法选取本院和市立医院2008年2月-2014年6月收治的4 763例孕产妇作为研究对象,检测其血清HBV标志物,然后进行结果分析。抽取HBs Ag阳性孕产妇与同期HBs Ag阴性孕产妇各35例作为观察组和对照组,提取2组产妇的脐带血、产后3 d内的乳汁和唾液进行HBV DNA检验。结果城镇孕产妇HBs Ag阳性率为3.01%,明显低于农村孕产妇(8.64%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);受过疫苗接种的孕产妇HBs Ag阳性率为1.01%,明显低于未接受疫苗接种的孕产妇(9.58%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕产妇不同年龄、不同民族间HBs Ag阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论脐带血、母乳、唾液是母婴HBV DNA传染的主要途径。应对适龄妇女和易感人群接种乙肝疫苗,并采取适当措施切断母婴传播途径,以更好地保护孕产妇和新生儿的健康。
Objective To explore the infection rate of hepatitis B in pregnant women, to understand the infection and infection of hepatitis B virus in pregnant women, and to explore the possible ways of transmitting mother-infant hepatitis B virus. Methods A total of 4 763 pregnant women who were admitted to our hospital and Municipal Hospital from February 2008 to June 2014 were enrolled in this study. Serum HBV markers were detected and the results were analyzed. Thirty-five HBsAg-positive mothers and HBsAg-negative pregnant women were selected as the observation group and the control group. The umbilical cord blood of the two groups were collected, and the milk and saliva were tested within 3 days after delivery. Results The positive rate of HBsAg in urban pregnant women was 3.01%, which was significantly lower than that of rural pregnant women (8.64%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The positive rate of HBsAg in pregnant women who received vaccination was 1.01% In unvaccinated pregnant women (9.58%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of HBsAg between pregnant women of different ages and ethnic groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion Umbilical cord blood, breast milk and saliva are the main ways of transmitting HBV DNA between mother and baby. Hepatitis B vaccine should be administered to women of both age and susceptible groups and appropriate measures should be taken to cut off mother-to-child transmission to better protect the health of pregnant women and newborns.