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利用河北平原区7个地市20年(1994—2013年)的逐日气象数据,结合SIMETAW模型计算了各地市区域作物灌溉需水量,分析了各地市近20年种植结构变化对区域灌溉需水量和水资源压力指数的影响。结果表明:近20年,保定、沧州、邯郸、邢台、廊坊5个地市的粮食作物种植面积呈下降趋势,其中廊坊下降最为显著;7个地市经济作物的种植面积相对稳定;蔬果类种植面积在保定、邯郸、石家庄、衡水和廊坊等地市具有较明显的增长趋势。所有地市粮食作物的灌溉需水量均呈下降趋势,其中以邯郸下降最为显著,保定的年均粮食作物灌溉需水量最大,为20.8亿m~3;除廊坊外,其他地市经济作物的灌溉需水量均呈不同程度的下降,邢台的年均经济作物灌溉需水量最大,为5.2亿m~3;所有地市蔬果类种植年均灌溉需水量近20年呈上升趋势,以石家庄增加趋势最为显著,且石家庄和保定的蔬果种植需水量分别在1995和1996年以后均高于当地经济作物灌溉需水量。沧州、邯郸、衡水、石家庄、保定基于农作物种植的水资源压力指数在九五、十五期间达到最高,十一五、十二五期间有所缓解,沧州的年均水资源压力指数最高。
Based on the daily meteorological data of seven cities in Hebei plain area for 20 years (1994-2013) and the SIMETAW model, the crop irrigation water requirement in different regions of the country was calculated and the effects of planting structure changes on the irrigation water demand and Impact of water stress index. The results showed that in the recent 20 years, the planting area of grain crops in Baoding, Cangzhou, Handan, Xingtai and Langfang showed a downward trend, with the decline of Langfang being the most significant; the planting area of cash crops in 7 cities was relatively stable; the planting of fruits and vegetables The area in Baoding, Handan, Shijiazhuang, Hengshui and Langfang and other cities have a more obvious growth trend. The irrigation water requirement of grain crops in all prefectures and cities dropped. Among them, the decline in Handan was the most significant. The irrigation water requirement of the annual average grain crops in Baoding was 2.08 billion m 3. In addition to Langfang, the irrigation of cash crops in other cities Water demand decreased to varying degrees, Xingtai average annual economic crop irrigation water demand is the largest, 520 million m ~ 3; all cities and towns planted irrigation water demand increased nearly 20 years to Shijiazhuang, the most increasing trend Significantly, the water requirements for planting fruits and vegetables in Shijiazhuang and Baoding were higher than the irrigation water requirements of local cash crops after 1995 and 1996, respectively. In Cangzhou, Handan, Hengshui, Shijiazhuang and Baoding, the pressure index of water resources based on crop cultivation reached the maximum during the Ninth Five-year Plan and the Ninth Five-year Plan, and was relieved during the Eleventh Five-year and Twelfth Five-year Plan periods. Cangzhou had the highest annual average water stress index.