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作者复习有关 X 线、微波及超声波对胚胎影响的文献86篇,写成此综述。由于辐射一词泛用于X 线、微波及超声波,而事实上三种能的生物作用是不同的,英国不用辐射一词来讨论超声波,辐射是指伴有离子化辐射作用的高能离子辐射。三种能的物理特性及生物作用分叙如下:X 线、γ线是波长很短的电磁波,穿透性强,在组织内产生离子化并射起电化学反应。大剂量 X线或γ线可致组织损伤,导致细咆死亡、变异、癌变及发育的缺陷。这些影响与剂量有关。微波、雷达、透热疗法的电磁波稍长,多少可
The authors reviewed 86 articles on the effects of X-rays, microwaves and ultrasound on embryos and wrote this review. As the word radiology is used for X-rays, microwaves and ultrasound, in fact, the biological effects of the three energies are different. The United Kingdom does not use the term radiation to discuss ultrasound. Radiation refers to high energy ion radiation accompanied by ionizing radiation. The three kinds of physical properties and biological effects are described as follows: X-ray, γ-ray is a very short wavelength of electromagnetic waves, penetrating strong ionization in the organization and shoot up electrochemical reactions. High-dose X-ray or γ-ray can cause tissue damage, leading to death, mutation, cancer and development of the fine roar defects. These effects are dose-related. Microwave, radar, diathermy therapy of electromagnetic waves slightly longer, how much can be