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Objective: To compare the potential incidence of nerve root (ventral and dorsal ramus) injury caused by cervical transarticular screws and Roy-Camille lateral mass screws.Methods: Insertion techniques with Klekamp transarticular screws and Roy-Camille lateral mass screws were respectively performed in this study. Each technique involved four specimens and 40 screws, which were inserted from C3 to C7. And 20-mm-long screws were used to overpenetrate the ventral cortex. The anterolateral aspect of the cervical spine was carefully dissected to allow observation of the screw-ramus relationship.Results: The overall percentage of nerve invasion was significantly lower with Klekamp (45%) technique than with Roy-Camille (85%) technique (P＜0.05). The largest percentage of nerve invasion for Klekamp transarticular screws was found at the dorsal ramus (25%), followed by the ventral ramus (15%) and the bifurcation of the ventral dorsal ramus (5%). The largest percentage of nerve invasion for Roy-Camille lateral mass screws was found at the ventral ramus (80%).Conclusion: The potential risk of nerve root invasion is lower with Klekamp transarticular screws than with Roy-Camille lateral mass screws.