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我国的国营企业自80年代以来就已经进行了多年的改革,从最初的承包制到现在正在试点的公司制,应该说改革途径的每项选择都是一种进步。对国营企业改革的唯一目的就是让国营企业成为四自企业能够以独立的法人的资格作为市场主体进入市场运行体系,并在运行过程中获得发展动力,实现利润最大化。可是改革到了今天,国营企业不仅没有达到预期目的,相反,自80年代末以来其亏损面越来越大,亏损额越来越多,那么国营企业走出困境的出路在哪里呢?笔者认为除了经常提起的转变政府职能,还权给企业,明析产权关系之外,建立一个有效、公平、竞争的市场体系,是国营企业在这次转换经营机制的改革中能否达到预期目标的关键条件之一。
The state-owned enterprises in our country have carried out many years of reforms since the 1980s. From the initial contracting system to the company system that is now being piloted, it should be said that every option for reform is an improvement. The sole purpose of the reform of state-owned enterprises is to allow state-owned enterprises to become self-employed companies that can use independent legal persons as market players to enter the market operation system, gain development momentum in the course of operation, and maximize profits. However, today’s reforms have not only failed to achieve the desired goals, but have seen losses increasing since the end of the 1980s and more and more losses. So where does the state-owned enterprises find their way out? The transformation of government functions, the reversion of power to enterprises, and the explicit analysis of property rights relations, establishing an effective, fair and competitive market system are the key conditions for the state-owned enterprises to achieve the desired objectives in the reform of the operational mechanism. one.