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ATP敏感钾通道(KATP)是一组将细胞膜电活动与细胞代谢联系在一起的重要通道.该通道是由磺酰脲受体(SUR)和内向整流钾通道(KIR6x)亚单位组成的异源四聚体(SUR/KIR6x)4.SUR与KIR6x基因在染色体上配对存在.KIR6x亚单位形成通道的电流孔道,SUR使通道对磺酰脲类药物、钾通道开放剂和Mg2+NDPs等调节因子敏感.不同亚型KATP通道特性由SUR与KIR6x亚单位组成决定.KATP通道门控受[ATP]i和[ADP]i调节,膜磷脂(PIPs)抑制通道对ATP的敏感性,细胞磷酸转移系统也参与ATP/ADP对通道的调节机制;磺酰脲类复合物(SUs)抑制KATP通道,钾通道开放剂(KCOs)激活KATP通道;G蛋白以及PKA、PKC、PKG等信使物质也参与通道的调节.KATP通道对胰岛素的分泌、心肌缺血预适应以及血管的张力起重要调节作用.
ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) are a group of important pathways that associate the electrical activity of cell membranes with cellular metabolism.This pathway is heterologous, consisting of the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) and the inward rectifier potassium channel (KIR6x) subunit Tetramer (SUR / KIR6x) 4. SUR and KIR6x genes are paired on the chromosome KIR6x subunits form the current channel of the channel, and SUR channels regulate the activity of sulfonylureas, potassium channel openers and Mg2 + NDPs and other regulators Sensitive.The specificity of KATP channels in different subtypes is determined by SUR and KIR6x subunits.KATP channel gating is regulated by [ATP] i and [ADP] i, membrane phospholipids (PIPs) inhibit channel sensitivity to ATP, and cellular phosphorylation transfer system Is also involved in the regulatory mechanism of ATP / ADP channels; sulfonylurea compounds (SUs) inhibit KATP channels, potassium channel openers (KCOs) activate KATP channels; G protein and PKA, PKC, PKG and other messenger substances are also involved in the channel KATP channels regulate insulin secretion, myocardial ischemic preconditioning, and vascular tone.