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鸦片战争以来,清政府与列强签订了大批条约,条约交涉成为晚清外交的重要内容。19世纪末到20世纪初,晚清外交重臣伍廷芳办理了大量与条约有关的外交事务,从而对条约及中外条约关系产生了一定的认识;而随着时代的变化,在民国初年,伍廷芳为消除不平等条约对中国的不良影响又提出了一些中肯的建议。伴随着伍廷芳外交生涯显现的条约观念的内容主要体现在其对条约与国际法关系的认识、对不平等条约的认识以及修约、拒约的观念与主张等几方面。其中的某些认识与主张,对于维护中国利益起到一定的作用;然而亦存在着某些局限。
Since the Opium War, the Qing government signed a large number of treaties with the powers and negotiation of the treaties became an important part of diplomacy in the late Qing Dynasty. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, Wu Tingfang, a diplomatic minister in the late Qing Dynasty, handled a large number of treaty-related foreign affairs and thus gained a certain understanding of the treaty and the treaty relations between China and other countries. With the change of the times, Wu Tingfang Unequal treaties on China’s adverse effects and put forward some pertinent suggestions. The conception of the treaty appearing with Wu Ting-fang’s diplomatic career is mainly reflected in his understanding of the relationship between treaties and international law, his understanding of unequal treaties and the concepts and propositions of revision and denunciation. Some of these understandings and assertions play a role in safeguarding China’s interests; however, there are also some limitations.