细菌性脑膜炎发病率日趋减少,死亡率儿童仍为5%,新生儿15～20%,神经系统后遗症为30～40%。发热、头痛及脑膜刺激征为成人脑膜炎的典型表现,新生儿及1岁内婴儿则无此表现,儿童则少见。新生儿患者50～60%,表现发热、呼吸暂停、胃肠道症状和嗜睡,50%以下的有惊厥;年龄较大婴儿则有发热伴意识障碍。25%的细菌性败血症和脑膜炎有发热的淤点,皮肤淤点常见于脑膜炎双球菌,也可见于嗜血流感杆菌和肺炎双球菌。25～30%的婴儿有前囟饱满,脑膜刺激征少见。Portwoy The incidence of bacterial meningitis is declining, with 5% mortality in children, 15-20% in newborns, and 30-40% neurological sequelae. Fever, headache, and meningeal irritation are typical manifestations of adult meningitis. Neonates and 1-year-old infants have no such symptoms. Children are rare. Neonatal patients 50 to 60%, showing fever, apnea, gastrointestinal symptoms and lethargy, 50% of the convulsions; older infants are fever with unconsciousness. 25% of bacterial septicemia and meningitis with fever petechiae, skin peaking common in meningococcus, also found in Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococcus. 25 ~ 30% of infants have a full fontanelle, meningeal irritation rare. Portwoy