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延迟化制造是推迟中间产品向最终产品转化的时间点,来应对需求不确定性,并减少供应链成本的方法。Cr5Mo合金钢管是石化炼油厂关键部位的材料,其品种规格多、批量小,难以保证供货。中国石油化工集团公司在该文第一作者影响下,应用延迟化制造方法,保留中间产品——钢锭的库存,可有效地应对最终产品——钢管需求的不确定性。该文在此应用背景下,研究了中间产品向最终产品转化的决策中保留部分中间产品不参与最终产品生产的情形,利用动态规划方法寻找到了中间产品与最终产品库存的最优分配策略。在此基础上,应用Matlab进行了数据实验,研究影响该策略的因素。结果表明:当最终产品的单位存货成本与缺货成本较高、中间产品的单位存货成本较低时,保留更多的中间产品库存可以降低供应链总成本。
Delayed manufacturing is a method of delaying demand uncertainty and reducing supply chain costs by delaying the transition from the intermediate product to the final product. Cr5Mo alloy steel pipe petrochemical refinery key parts of the material, the variety of specifications, small quantities, it is difficult to guarantee the supply. Under the influence of the first author of this paper, China Petrochemical Corporation applied the deferred manufacturing method to retain the inventory of intermediate products - steel ingot, which can effectively deal with the uncertainty of demand of the steel pipe, which is the final product. In the context of this application, this paper studies the situation in which some intermediate products do not participate in the final product production while the intermediate products are transformed into the final product. The dynamic allocation method is used to find the optimal distribution strategy for the intermediate products and the final product inventory. On this basis, the data experiment is carried out by using Matlab, and the factors affecting the strategy are studied. The results show that when the unit inventory cost and out-of-stock cost of the final product are high and the unit inventory cost of the intermediate product is low, retaining more intermediate inventory can reduce the total supply chain cost.