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[目的]探讨骨质疏松椎体爆裂骨折椎体内空腔形成后椎体后凸成形术和保守治疗的疗效. [方法]2007年6月～2013年2月对84例无神经症状的骨质疏松椎体爆裂骨折椎体内空腔形成患者分为两组,椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗组42例,保守组42例.治疗后6、12个月评估疼痛程度(VAS),椎体畸形指数,椎体前-后高度比值及其恢复率和活动能力. [结果] PKP组无患者发生感染、肺栓塞等并发症,14例患者轻度骨水泥渗漏,包括6例椎体前、4例椎间盘内、4例椎管内,但均无临床症状.84例随访12～24个月,平均22.1月.术后12个月时,PKP组VAS (0.88±0.59)分,显著低于保守组(2.52±0.83)分(P=0.001);但PKP组活动能力评级高于保守组,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.002).此外,PKP组畸形指数(1.41±0.18),显著低于保守组(1.72±0.11)(P＜0.001);PKP组椎体前后高度比为(71.96±18.20)％,保守组为(49.94±6.13)％,PKP组椎体高度恢复率为+16.15％,显著高于保守组(-24.28％) (P＜0.001). [结论]与保守治疗比较,经椎弓根椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体爆裂骨折椎体内空腔形成在疼痛缓解、椎体畸形恢复上更加有效.“,”[Objective] To compare the results of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) versus conservative treatment for intravertebral cavity formation secondary to osteoporotic burst fractures.[Methods] From June 2007 to February 2013,84 patients who suffered from osteoporotic vertebral burst fracture without neurologic deficit were enrolled in this study.Of them,42 patients were treated by PKP (the PKP group),while the other 41patients received conservative treatment alone (the conservative group) with matched age,gender,involved level,and the type of fracture between the two groups.The visual analogue scale (VAS),deformity index,antero-posterior height ratio and its improvement rate,activity capacity grade were used for assessment of the outcome at 6 and 12 months after treatment.[Results] No infection and pulmonary embolism occurred in any patient.Although limited cement leakage was noted in 14 patients of the PKP group,including front of vertebral body in 6,into disc in 4 and into vertebral canal in 4,no clinical symptom occurred in anyone of them.All of the 84 patients were followed up from 12 to 24 months with an average of 22.1 months.At 12 months after treatment,the PKP group was scaled significantly lower mean VAS than the conservative group (0.88 versus 2.52,P=0.001),while the former was significantly higher than the latter in the activity capacity grade P=0.002).Additionally,the PKP group was significantly inferior to the conservative group in the mean deformity index (1.41 versus 1.72,P＜0.001),whereas the former was significantly superior to the latter in the mean recovery rate of vertebral height (+ 16.15％ versus-24.28％,P＜0.001) with the anteroposterior height ratio (71.96％ versus 49.94％).[Conclusion] Percutaneous kyphoplasty provided better clinical and radiological results than the conservative treatment for patients with osteoporotic burst fracture.