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慈善募捐会在信息披露、与慈善组织共享信息、与商业机构共享信息这三种情况下对捐赠人的隐私权造成侵害。这三种情况的法理基础与法律关系各不相同,其中信息披露牵涉捐赠人的隐私权、言论自由权与公众的知情权的冲突;与慈善组织共享信息,牵涉慈善组织经济利益与捐赠人隐私权的冲突;与商业机构共享信息,则涉及募捐方式的问题。目前,中国尚未有针对慈善募捐过程中捐赠者隐私保护的相关规则。该情况并不利于对捐赠人权益之保护,也不利于慈善行业之健康发展。因此,中国应尽快研究相关法律之创设,引入“明示/默示规则”等先进制度,并创设相关信息管理机关,以填补这一立法空白。同时,还应区分一次侵权与二次侵权,对于二次侵权,应引入二次侵权保护目录规则,并设立专门的隐私信息管理机关。
Charity fund-raising will infringe the privacy rights of donors under the circumstances of information disclosure, sharing of information with charities and sharing of information with business organizations. These three cases have different legal principles and legal relations. Information disclosure involves the privacy rights of donors, the freedom of speech and the public’s right to information, and the sharing of information with charities that involves the economic interests of charities and the privacy of donors Conflict of rights; sharing information with business organizations involves issues of fundraising. At present, China has not yet had any rules on the privacy protection of donors in the process of charitable donations. This situation is not conducive to the protection of the rights and interests of donors, but also conducive to the healthy development of the charity industry. Therefore, China should, as soon as possible, study the establishment of relevant laws and introduce such advanced systems as “express / implied rules” and create relevant information management agencies to fill this gap. At the same time, one infringement and the second infringement should also be distinguished. For the second infringement, rules for cataloging the second infringement should be introduced and a special administrative organ for privacy information should be set up.