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本文对绘成于乾隆十五年(1750年)《京城全图》上合院式住宅采用状况进行统计,得出北京传统民居中四合院采用的比例约占8.05%,三合院采用比例为4.67%。同时,文章结合各个时期传统民居研究文献,分析得出了有关北京四合院住宅采用情况判定的叙述大致有“代表说”、“基本说”、“多数说”三种,并指出期间的逻辑关系及其与中国建筑史研究以设计资源掘取、建筑特征强调为目的的基本立场关联。并提出了更为“综合的”“全面的”视域的建筑史研究框架,即把建筑切实地作为人类与环境综合协商的工具来认识,重视建筑体系的研究和叙述;重视展示不同类型不同层级的建筑在不同时空中的存在方式、意义和价值;重视不同类型、不同层级建筑间的关系的展示。
In this paper, statistics on the adoption status of courtyard houses in “The Whole City of Beijing” painted in the 15th year of Qianlong (1750) show that the proportion used by the traditional houses in Beijing is about 8.05% and that of the courtyard houses is 4.67%. At the same time, the article combined with the literature of traditional dwelling houses in different periods, analyzed and concluded that there are three kinds of statements about judging the residential adoption of Beijing Siheyuan Houses: “Representatives ”, “Basic say ”, “Mostly said ” Pointing out the logical relationship between the period and its basic standpoint with the purpose of researching architectural history in China. And put forward a more “comprehensive ” “comprehensive ” visual architectural history research framework, that is, the building as a comprehensive consultation of human beings and the environment to understand, pay attention to the construction system research and narrative; attention Show different types of different levels of architecture in different space-time existence of the way, meaning and value; emphasis on different types of different levels of display of the relationship between the buildings.