字20世纪50年代以来,旅游业经历了一个大的发展时期,在不到半个世纪的时间里,一跃成为全球最大的产业,其影响越来越被世人关注。尽管大众旅游最初被很多国家成为“无烟”产业,但很快人们就发现,就业、GDP增长等经济收益的获得是以较高的社会和环境成本为代价的。 Since the 1950s, tourism has experienced a period of great development. In less than half a century, it has become the largest industry in the world and its influence has drawn more and more attention from people all over the world. Although mass tourism was originally a “smoke-free” industry in many countries, it soon became clear that economic gains such as employment and GDP growth were at the cost of higher social and environmental costs.