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结核病是由结核病病原体感染引起的慢性传染病。机体的免疫系统是复杂精细的动态平衡系统，结核病的感染、发生、发展、转归与机体免疫系统变换密切相关，其中细胞免疫在抗结核病中起重要的作用，决定细胞免疫的强弱主要是T淋巴细胞及其亚群的数量及功能。免疫预防、免疫诊断、免疫治疗理论上和操作上形成了比较完整的体系及明显的优势，这些都与免疫系统有关。本文仅就结核病细胞免疫的最新免疫基础研究进展做一简述。“,”Tuberculosis is an infenctious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) which is big public health threat. Immune system is a complcated dynamic balance system.Tubercuosis infection, occurrence, development and prognosis are closely related to changes of immune system. The cellular immunity plays an important role in anti tuberculosis. Deciding the strength of the cellular immunity is mainly the number of T lymphocytes and their subsets and function. Immune prevention,diangosis and immunotherapy formed a relatively comlete system of theory and operation and obvious advantanes. In this paper,research progress about TB immune basis of the latest time.