文人是一个民族传统的建设者、承载者和传承者,但是在一定时期,他们又是传统的怀疑者、批判者甚至摧毁者。影响深远的科举制度,其合理性在明代中叶开始受到质疑,吴中文人在质疑中担任了重要角色。他们所具备的超前性认识,与自身以及身边友人的际遇、自身所具有的文化素质、吴中特定的地域文化密切相关。而明中叶吴中文人对科举的态度及其成因,庶几可为揭示文人与传统关系中文人怀疑、批判与疏离传统的典型个案。 Literators are builders, bearers and bearers of a national tradition, but for a certain period they are traditional skeptics, critics and even destroyers. The far-reaching imperial examination system whose rationality began to be questioned in the mid-Ming Dynasty and Wu Chinese played an important role in questioning. The advanced understanding they possess is closely related to the cultural experience of themselves and their friends, their own cultural qualities, and their particular geographical culture. The attitude toward the imperial examination and its causes in the mid-Ming and early Wuzhong period of Wuzhong were generally representative cases of the suspicion, criticism and alienation of the traditional Chinese literati.