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目的 探讨甲状腺良、恶性结节手术患者的影像学特征。方法 回顾性分析经术后病理确诊的甲状腺癌患者81例、良性甲状腺肿块214例的影像学资料。结果 81例甲状腺癌患者中微小钙化、钙化的发生率均明显高于甲状腺良性疾病的发生率（ P ＜0．05）；109例甲状腺结节伴钙化患者中，年龄＜45岁组的甲状腺癌发生率明显高于≥45岁组，其差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05） ，钙化在不同性别间差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）；伴钙化的恶性结节在单发与多发组间比较有统计学差异（P＜0．05）。结论 甲状腺结节合并微钙化、年龄＜45岁及单发结节的患者，甲状腺癌的发病率高。“,”Objective] To explore the image features of 295 patients with benign and malignant thyroid nodules undergoing the surgery .[Methods]Clinical image data of 81 patients with thyroid cancer and 295 pa‐tients with benign thyroid nodules diagnosed by pathology after surgery were analyzed retrospectively .[Re‐sults] The incidence of microcalcification and calcification in 81 patients with thyroid cancer was obviously higher than that in patients with benign thyroid diseases( P<0 .05) .Among 109 patients with thyroid nodules and calcification ,the incidence of thyroid cancer in patients with age less than 45 years old was obviously high‐er than that in patients with age over 45 years old ,and there was significant difference( P0 .05) .There was signifi‐cant difference in malignant calcified nodules between single‐nodule patients and multiple‐nodule patients( P<0 .05) .[Conclusion] Thyroid nodules with microcalcification ,age less than 45 years old and single nodule have the high incidence of thyroid cancer .