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通过1983～1984年试验研究明确了地膜覆盖植棉是获得棉花早熟高产稳产的有效新技术,二年试验结果,地膜覆盖棉可比露地棉每亩增产皮棉30.6斤～37.7斤,增产率达18.1～20.3％,统计分析可达极显著,值得在我省和长江流域南方棉区推广。地膜覆盖植棉的增产原因在于地膜覆盖畦面改善了棉花生长的土壤生态环境,能提高土壤温度和含水量。降低土壤窖重、疏松土壤,据测定地膜覆盖期间(4月中旬至7月上旬)5～20厘米根区土层日平均温度比露地高2.3～4.0℃,地积温1907.3～2081.7℃比露地增加198.8～364.5℃,由于盖膜使土壤增温、保墒、疏松,可使地膜覆盖棉易获全菌、壮苗,早发、早现蕾、多现蕾,早开花,结铃,从而比露地棉增加伏前桃和伏桃,显著地增加单株结铃数、每亩总铃数和铃重。生理上,地膜覆盖棉比露地棉总光合势和光合效率高,棉株功能叶生理活动旺盛,氮,磷,钾养分含量高,合成可溶性糖类营养物质增多。因此能为棉株增蕾,增铃、增铃重,提供较多的有机养料。
Through the 1983 to 1984 experimental study clear plastic film mulching cotton is an effective new technology to obtain high yield and stability of cotton early maturity, the results of two years, plastic mulching cotton than open mulch per mu yield of lint 30.6 kg to 37.7 kg, the yield was 18.1 ~ 20.3%, statistical analysis up to significant, it is worth in the province and the Yangtze River Basin, the southern cotton area promotion. The reason for the increase of mulching cotton is that mulching mulch improves the soil ecological environment for cotton growth and improves soil temperature and water content. It is determined that the daily average temperature in the soil layer of 5 ~ 20 cm root zone during the period of plastic film mulching is 2.3 ~ 4.0 ℃ higher than that of the open field and the plot temperature 1907.3 ~ 2081.7 ℃ is higher than that of the open field during the mulching period (from mid April to early July) 198.8 ~ 364.5 ℃, the cover film to make the soil temperature, soil moisture, loose, easy to make plastic film mulching cotton, strong seedlings, early hair, early budding, more budding, early flowering, Cotton increased pre-V Peach and V Peach, significantly increased the number of bolls per plant, the total number of bolls per acre and boll weight. Physiologically, the total photosynthetic potential and photosynthetic efficiency of mulched mulched cotton were higher than that of mulched cotton. Physiological activities of functional cotton plants were strong, with high contents of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and more soluble sugars. Therefore, it can increase the buds for cotton plants, increase the bell, boll weight, provide more organic nourishment.