论文论述德国基本法基本权利制度异于他国独特发展的特性。第一部分讲述第三人效力理论的来龙去脉,二是基本权利从被动权利向主动权利的变迁,最后分析自由和安全的博弈问题。 The dissertation discusses the characteristics of the basic rights system in German Basic Law that are different from the unique development of other countries. The first part narrates the ins and outs of the theory of the effectiveness of the third party, the second is the transition of basic rights from passive rights to active rights, and finally analyzes the game of freedom and security.