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人们一般认为,当前经济滑坡的严峻形势,根源于近几年来过度地放权让利,国家宏观调控失去了财力保证。最突出的问题表现在财政收入占国民收入比重逐年下降,从1978年的37.2％,到1988年下降到19.3％。因此有人指出:扭转经济滑坡的突破口在于解决财政分配国民收入的矛盾,即提高财政收入占国民收入的比重,并着重提高中央财政占整个财政收入的比重。而经过深层分析,笔者认为事情远非如此简单。一、两个比重降低是“事出有因”一种经济现象的出现必然是某种经济政策实施的结果。回顾十年改革所走过的路,基本打破了传统的根深蒂固的高度集中的计划经济管理体制,并正试图逐步建立分级管理体制。这种体制的转轨变型不是人们主观臆造或思想偏好,而是商品经济发展的客观要求。商品经济要求企业成为相对独立的商品生产者和经营者,要求地方有充分的自主权,因地制宜地发展商品经济。而高度集中管理体制人为地严重阻碍了企业和地方的自主权和主动性。特别是我国幅员辽阔自
It is generally believed that the current grim situation of economic decline is rooted in the over-allotment of power in recent years, and the state’s macro-control has lost its financial guarantee. The most prominent problem is that the share of fiscal revenue in the national income has been declining year by year, from 37.2% in 1978 to 19.3% in 1988. Therefore, it was pointed out that the breakthrough in reversing the economic decline lies in resolving the contradiction between the fiscal distribution of national income, that is, increasing the proportion of fiscal revenue in the national income and focusing on increasing the proportion of central finance in the entire fiscal revenue. After deep analysis, I think things are far from simple. One, the two is to reduce the proportion of “a cause for trouble” The emergence of an economic phenomenon must be the result of the implementation of some kind of economic policy. Recalling the path taken by the 10-year reform, it has basically broken the traditional entrenched and highly centralized planned economic management system and is trying to gradually establish a hierarchical management system. The transitional transformation of this system is not an objective subjective or ideological preferences, but the objective requirements of the development of commodity economy. Commodity economy requires enterprises to become relatively independent producers and operators of commodities, requiring localities to have full autonomy in developing their commodity economy in line with local conditions. However, the highly centralized management system has seriously hindered the autonomy and initiative of enterprises and localities. In particular, our country has a vast territory