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目的了解低渗膨胀（ＨＯＳ）试验对人精子头部超微结构的影响，以便进一步理解ＨＯＳ对精子功能检测的意义。方法正常生育力人精子经ＨＯＳ处理后固定于盖玻片上，冷却干燥后进行表面复型（ＳＲ），透射电子显微镜观察。结果ＳＲ图像见ＨＯＳ阴性的精子顶体区无显著变化但可见某些局部质膜破孔；高度卷曲的精子尾主段质膜上仍保留着清晰的拉链状膜粒结构和肋柱，除顶体区外，质膜无明显破损；头部有特征性变化，其中顶体后区较平坦，顶体后缘与核后环清晰，而顶体区质膜形态变化较大。凡尾部产生形变者，其头部顶体区质膜呈网格状或多泡状隆起或顶体破裂丢失，类似于体外获能或顶体反应的变化。结论ＨＯＳ可能反映精子产生获能和顶体反应的潜能。
Objective To understand the effect of hypotonic swelling (HOS) on the ultrastructure of human sperm heads in order to further understand the significance of HOS on sperm function testing. Methods Normal fertility human sperm were fixed on the coverslips after treatment with HOS, cooled and dried, and then surface complexed (SR) and transmission electron microscopy were performed. Results In SR images, there was no significant change in the acrosome HOS negative sperm acrosome region, but some local plasma membrane ruptures were observed. The highly curled sperm tail membrane still retained a clear zipper-like membrane structure and rib column, Body outside the region, the plasma membrane was not damaged; the head of the characteristic changes, including the acrosome more flat, clear top of the posterior border and the nucleus after the ring, while the acrosomal membrane morphological changes. Where tail deformation, the head of the acrosomal region of the plasma membrane was grid-shaped or more bubbly uplift or loss of acrosome, similar to in vitro activation or acrosome reaction changes. Conclusions HOS may reflect the potential of spermatogenesis and acrosome reaction.