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目的调查湖南省花垣县≥50岁人群盲与低视力的患病率及其病因。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的原则,按比例抽取乡镇,然后再按乡镇抽取行政村,根据居民户口薄来确定调查对象;按照WHO制定的盲及低视力标准确定盲与低视力患者;对视力<0.3者,由眼科医师作外眼、角膜、前房、虹膜、晶状体、玻璃体及视网膜等详细检查并判断致病原因。结果检录人数为4 957人,实际受检人数为4 402人,其中男2 043人(占46.41%),女2 359人(占53.59%),总受检率88.80%。双眼低视力患病率3.91%,双眼盲患病率1.48%;单眼低视力患病率4.93%,单眼盲患病率2.25%。致盲的主要眼病依次为白内障(56.91%)、角膜病(10.77%)、玻璃体视网膜病(9.23%)、葡萄膜病(4.62%)、青光眼(4.62%)等。结论花垣县≥50岁人群中盲与低视力仍然是严重的公共卫生问题,以最好矫正视力计算的盲患病率为1.48%。白内障仍然是导致盲和低视力的首位原因。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and etiology of blindness and low vision in ≥50-year-olds in Huayuan County of Hunan Province. Methods According to the principle of stratified cluster random sampling, villages and towns were extracted proportionally, and then administrative villages were selected according to villages and townships, and the respondents were identified according to their household registration forms. Patients with blindness and low vision were determined according to WHO criteria of blindness and low vision. Visual acuity <0.3, by the ophthalmologist for the outer eye, cornea, anterior chamber, iris, lens, vitreous and the retina and other detailed examination and determine the cause of the disease. Results The number of registered persons was 4 957 and the actual number of subjects was 4 402, of which 2 043 were male (46.41%) and 2 359 were female (53.59%). The total examination rate was 88.80%. The prevalence of binocular low vision was 3.91%, the prevalence of bilateral blindness was 1.48%. The prevalence of monocular low vision was 4.93% and that of monocular blind was 2.25%. The main blinding diseases were cataract (56.91%), corneal disease (10.77%), vitreoretinopathy (9.23%), uveal disease (4.62%) and glaucoma (4.62%). Conclusions Blindness and low vision in ≥50-year-olds in Huayuan County are still serious public health problems. The prevalence of blindness calculated by the best corrected visual acuity was 1.48%. Cataracts are still the leading cause of blindness and low vision.