自古以米,我国就是一个多民族国家。但不是一开始就达到了统一。现在能形成这样幅员辽阔、空前统一的国家,是各民族人民共同努力的结果。因此,在历史研究中,对于少数民族在各个历史时期的活动及其地位研究,无疑是一个重要的课题。遗憾的是目前的研究状况并不理想,在近代史体系中亦是如此。一鸦片战争以前,我国在清朝封建专制主义统治下,全国基本上处于自给自足的经济状态,在某些少数民族内部和地区,还保留或残存着原始社会,奴隶制度和领主制度等 Since ancient times, China has become a multi-ethnic country. But not the beginning of unity. It is the result of the concerted efforts of people of all ethnic groups that such a vast and unprecedented unity can now be formed. Therefore, in the study of history, the study of the activities and status of ethnic minorities in various historical periods is undoubtedly an important issue. Unfortunately, the current research situation is not ideal, as is the case in the system of modern history. Before the Opium War, under the rule of the feudal despotism of Qing Dynasty, our country was basically in a self-sufficient economic status. In some ethnic minorities and ethnic regions, the primitive society, the slavery system and the lord system were also preserved or remained