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在原油价格不断上涨、石油储量日渐枯竭以及开采工艺飞速发展的情况下,重油和沥青的开采受到世界各国的重视。在介绍了重油和沥青开采方法分类的同时,重点就负压钻井过程重油和沥青开采工艺进行了阐释。反循环钻井和钻杆内安装沉没式螺旋泵的反循环钻井是俄罗斯用于开采重油和沥青的新工艺,对钻开低渗透油层极其有利。新研发的汇流环结构在将沉没式泵安装在深度超过1000m的情况下成功地进行负压转盘钻井,可用于常规斜井和多底水平井的钻井。通过环空输送热载体的双井筒或多井筒连续开采工艺是开发重油和沥青最具前景的工艺。
With the continuous rise of crude oil prices, the depletion of oil reserves and the rapid development of mining technology, heavy oil and bitumen mining have drawn the attention of all countries in the world. While introducing the classification of heavy oil and bitumen mining methods, the emphasis is laid on the explanation of the heavy oil and bitumen mining technology in the negative pressure drilling process. Reverse Circulation Drilling with Reverse Circulation Drilling and Drilling Rods with Submerged Screw Pumps in Russia is a new process used to produce heavy oil and bitumen in Russia and is extremely beneficial for drilling low permeability reservoirs. The newly developed busbar ring structure successfully performs negative pressure turntable drilling when the submerged pump is installed at a depth of more than 1000 m and can be used for drilling of conventional inclined shafts and multi-bottom horizontal wells. The double or multi-well continuous mining process of conveying heat carriers through the annulus is the most promising process for developing heavy oil and bitumen.