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目的探讨父母养育方式对高中生心理健康水平的影响。方法采用“父母教养方式问卷”(EMBU)和“症状自评量表”(SCL-90)调查高中生562人。结果高中男生与父母离异学生心理症状显著高于女生与父母非离异学生;女生体验到的父母双方情感温暖理解(F1,M1)显著高于男生;父母双方的惩罚严厉(F2,M4)、父亲的拒绝否认(F5)以及过度保护(F3)则显著少于男生;父母离异学生体验到较少的父母亲的温暖理解,较多的母亲的惩罚严厉;母亲惩罚严厉(M4)、父亲拒绝否认(F5)、父亲过度保护因子(F3)、父母亲是否离异以及父亲惩罚严厉(F2)是高中学生心理健康状况的预测指标。结论高中男生与父母离异学生心理健康问题更需要关注,父母否定的、惩罚式的消极教养方式是心理问题的重要影响因素。
Objective To explore the effect of parental rearing on the mental health of high school students. Methods A total of 562 high school students were investigated using the EMBU and SCL-90 questionnaires. Results The psychological symptoms of divorced students in high school boys and their parents were significantly higher than those in non-divorced girls and their parents. The emotionally warm comprehension (F1, M1) experienced by both girls and their parents was significantly higher than that of boys; the punishment of both parents was severe (F2 and M4) (F5) and over-protection (F3) were significantly less than boys; parents divorced students experienced less warmth understanding of parents, more severely punished mothers; the mother punished severely (M4), his father refused to deny (F5), father’s over-protection factor (F3), parental divorce and fathers punishment (F2) are the predictors of high school students’ mental health status. Conclusion It is more necessary to pay attention to the psychological health problems of high school boys and their separated parents. Negative parental and punitive negative parenting styles are the important influencing factors of psychological problems.