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种粮大户是新型农业经营主体的重要组成部分,其健康持续发展不仅关乎我国农业的发展方向,而且关乎亿万农户的切身利益。基于安徽省403户种粮大户的生产经营数据,构建粮食收购市场上买卖双方的议价模型,分析粮食销售渠道和收储设施,探讨种粮大户粮食销售价格的影响因素。结果表明,粮食销售渠道主要有政府(国家粮食收储企业)、合作社、农产品加工企业和个体商贩等,但种粮大户的粮食销售渠道过于单一,以个体商贩为主。晒场和仓库等收储设施情况和销售渠道对种粮大户粮食销售价格有显著影响。在粮食收购市场上,晒场和仓库等必要收储设施的缺乏,使得种粮大户在粮食收获后面临短时期大量售粮的压力,种粮大户在粮食销售时常处于被动地位,被迫接受低于公正基准价格的价格,平均而言最终的销售价格比公正的基准价格低了1.1%。因此,提出通过完善我国的粮食流通市场,完善种粮大户收储设施,解决种粮大户售粮难的问题。
The big grain-growers are an important part of the new-type agricultural management entities. Their healthy and sustainable development is not only related to the development direction of agriculture in China, but also to the vital interests of hundreds of millions of farmers. Based on the production and operation data of 403 large-grain growers in Anhui Province, the bargaining model between buyers and sellers in the grain purchasing market was constructed, the grain sales channels and storage facilities were analyzed, and the influencing factors on the sales price of large grain-oriented foodstuffs were discussed. The results showed that the main food sales channels are the government (national grain storage and storage enterprises), cooperatives, agricultural product processing enterprises and individual traders, etc. However, the grain sales channels of big grain growers are too single, with individual traders as the mainstay. The storage and storage facilities such as the drying yard and warehouses and sales channels have a significant impact on the sales prices of large grain-bearing grain. In the grain purchasing market, the lack of necessary storage facilities such as drying basins and warehouses made the large grain growers face pressure to sell large quantities in a short time after grain harvest. Large grain growers are often in a passive position in grain sales and are forced to accept low At a fair benchmark price, on average the final sales price is 1.1% below the fair benchmark price. Therefore, it is proposed to solve the problem of hard grain sale by improving the grain distribution market in our country, perfecting the storage and storage facilities of big grain growers.