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背景:在东南亚发展中国家,大量的害鼠造成了相当大的作物损失,且害鼠已成为减贫行动的一个障碍。防治经常使用的化学物质会伤害非靶标生物。因此,有效且环境友好的防治措施如生态鼠害防治技术(EBRM)是令人满意的。目的:比较EBRM与传统鼠害防治方法在控制稻田鼠(银腹鼠)数量上的效果。研究方法:本研究在印度尼西亚西爪哇省地区低洼地灌溉稻田中进行,采用大规模田间试验。EBRM措施包括对害鼠栖息地的管理、围栏陷阱系统诱捕害鼠、协调防治害鼠活动和村级作物种植的同步性。主要监测了害鼠丰度、种群结构和银腹鼠繁殖情况以及水稻产量和鼠害损失。结果:尽管没有EBRM对害鼠数量的全面效果结论,但是,发现在稻田作物生长后期,防治的村庄稻田害鼠密度下降,且鼠体重也有所下降。此外,研究发现,与常规方法相比,在应用EBRM时可使繁殖雌鼠数量减少,然而雄鼠的繁殖力未减小。总之,应用EBRM,作物的平均损失减少(试验组4.4±0.4%,对照组2.5±0.4%),即水稻增产6%。结论结果表明EBRM是一种防治以洼地水稻为基础的灌溉农田生态系统或其他农业生态系统中较严重的鼠害的合适方法。该研究为发展中国家的小农耕作社群带来好处,并且对生态系统也有益。
Background: In developing countries of South-East Asia, a large number of pests have caused considerable crop losses and pests have become an obstacle to poverty reduction. Prevention and control of frequently used chemicals can damage non-target organisms. Therefore, effective and environment-friendly control measures such as Ecotoxicity Control (EBRM) are satisfactory. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of EBRM and traditional rodent control methods on the control of the number of rats in the field. Research Methods: This study was conducted in low-lying irrigated rice fields in West Java, Indonesia using a large-scale field experiment. The EBRM measures include the management of harmful habitats for rats, the systematic trapping of pests by fence traps, and the coordination of pest control activities and the cultivation of village-level crops. Mainly monitored the abundance of rodent pests, population structure and reproduction of silver belly mice and the loss of rice yield and rodent damage. Results: Although there was no conclusion about the overall effect of EBRM on the number of infected rats, it was found that in the late rice crop season, the densities of rodent pests in the control rice paddy decreased and the body weight of rats decreased. In addition, the study found that the number of reproductive females was reduced when EBRM was used compared with the conventional method, however, the male fecundity did not decrease. In conclusion, with EBRM, the average crop loss was reduced (4.4 ± 0.4% in the experimental group and 2.5 ± 0.4% in the control group), ie a 6% increase in rice yield. Conclusions The results indicate that EBRM is a suitable method of controlling the more severe rodent pests in irrigated farmland ecosystems or other agro-ecosystems based on depression rice. The study brings benefits to smallholder farming communities in developing countries and also benefits the ecosystem.