弱智儿童心理发育迟缓,发展水平低下,他们的缺陷不只限于智力与社会适应能力两个方面,而是整个心理过程都出现不同程度的障碍,因此无法像同龄正常儿童一样学习。父母既要尊重、爱护和关心他们,又要了解其生理特点,耐心运用正确的教育原则和方法来帮助他们。弱智儿童常常伴有先天畸形、营养失调或其他疾病。家长应积极为他们治疗,为教育和训练奠定一个良好的生理基础。例如,一个伴有癫痫病的弱智儿童,应事先控制癫痫发作;一个舌系带膜状部分过长或过短的弱智儿童,应先矫治舌病后再进行语言训练。训练方法主要有以下几种。循序渐进法此种方法也可称为主题单元教学法。即将各种课程围绕一个主题,按系列划分为若干个小型而有顺序的学习单元,然后循序渐进地进行教学。例如,教孩子理解“春天”,可划分为春天的月 Mentally handicapped children have slow mental development and low level of development. Their shortcomings are not limited to intelligence and social adaptability. Instead, they have different levels of mental retardation and therefore can not learn like normal children of the same age. Parents should respect, care for and care about them, but also understand their physiological characteristics, patiently use the correct education principles and methods to help them. Mentally handicapped children are often accompanied by congenital malformations, malnutrition or other illnesses. Parents should actively treat them and lay a good physiological basis for education and training. For example, a mentally handicapped child with epilepsy should have prior control of seizures; a mentally retarded child whose tongue membrane is too long or too short should undergo tongue training and language training. There are several training methods. Step-by-step method This method can also be called the thematic unit teaching method. A variety of courses will be organized around a theme, divided into a series of small and orderly units of learning, followed by gradual teaching. For example, teaching children to understand “spring” can be divided into spring months