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目的了解铜川市煤矿行业职业健康监护工作和尘肺病发病特点。方法对2010—2013年铜川市3家职业健康检查诊断机构的职业性健康检查结果以及同期4年的尘肺病新发病例进行分析研究。结果大型煤矿职业禁忌证、疑似尘肺以及新尘肺病例检出率分别为1.19%、23.05%、4.43%;中小型煤矿检出率分别为1.89%、3.25%、0.73%。采煤工、掘进工发病工龄在15 a以内分别占到38.93%和38.52%;在20~30 a工龄为发病高峰,分别占到46.02%和46.66%。煤矿混合工15 a工龄以内发病仅占10.89%,20~30 a工龄发病占54.45%,30 a工龄以上发病占19.80%。结论大型煤矿职业健康监护疑似尘肺病、尘肺病患者检出率高,采煤工、掘进工尘肺病发病早,要进一步做好煤矿工人的职业健康监护工作。
Objective To understand the occupational health monitoring and the characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Tongchuan Coal Mine. Methods The occupational health examination results of 3 occupational health examination and diagnosis institutions in Tongchuan City during 2010-2013 and the new cases of pneumoconiosis were analyzed in the same period. Results The detection rates of occupational contraindications, suspected pneumoconiosis and new pneumoconiosis cases in large coal mines were 1.19%, 23.05% and 4.43% respectively. The detection rates of small and medium mines were 1.89%, 3.25% and 0.73% respectively. The working age of coal miners and roadheaders accounted for 38.93% and 38.52% respectively within 15 years; the peak of the working age was 20 to 30 years, accounting for 46.02% and 46.66% respectively. Coal mines workers accounted for only 10.89% of the total length of service, 20 to 30 years of service accounted for 54.45%, 30 years of age accounted for 19.80% of the incidence. Conclusion Large-scale coal mine occupational health care suspected pneumoconiosis, pneumoconiosis detection rate is high, coal miners, diggers pneumoconiosis early onset, to further do coal mine workers occupational health monitoring work.