权力制衡机制作为近现代宪法中的一个基本设计,其目的是为了防止权力过于集中,被当权者所滥用。美国宪法作为世界上运行时间最长、运行效果较好的宪法,最早实践了权力的分立与制衡机制,美国的政党政治制度、任期制和选举制都是影响其权力制衡的重要因素,值得深入研究。 The mechanism of power checks and balances, as a basic design in modern constitution, aims to prevent the powers from being overly concentrated and being abused by the people in power. As the constitution with the longest running time and the better performance in the world, the United States Constitution has earliest practiced the mechanism of the separation and checks and balances of power. The political system, tenure system and electoral system of the United States are both important factors that affect its checks and balances of power. the study.