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[目的]该研究旨在探究水稻不育系的柱头特性与异交结实率的关系。[方法]以创5S、耘9S、培矮64S、P88S、Y58S等5个水稻光温敏核不育系为材料,对其柱头外露率、柱头大小、柱头活力等进行了比较研究。同时以R608为父本,测定了其异交结实率。[结果]研究表明,5个水稻不育系在柱头外露率、柱头大小、柱头活力等方面均存在一定的差异。P88S的柱头特性总体较好,柱头外露率达到95.94%,柱头活力较强,活力系数为2.71,田间异交结实率达84.02%。培矮64S的柱头长度和柱头宽度最小,分别是2.41和1.10 mm,其柱头外露率93.04%,柱头活力最弱,其异交结实率仅65.47%。耘9S、Y58S、创5S的柱头特性处于中等水平,耘9S的异交结实率比其他两个不育系高。相关分析表明,柱头外露率、柱头长度、柱头宽度、柱头面积、柱头体积与异交结实率显著相关,相关系数分别为0.897~*、0.934~*、0.934~*、0.939~*、0.937~*;柱头活力系数与异交结实率之间相关不显著。[结论]依据不育系的柱头特性,采取合理的辅助授粉方式,有利于节省生产成本,提高杂交水稻制种产量。
[Objective] The research aimed to investigate the relationship between stigma trait and outcrossing rate in male sterile lines of rice. [Method] Five rice thermo - sensitive genic male sterile lines including Chuang 5S, Yun 9S, Pei’ai 64S, P88S and Y58S were used to study the stigma exsertion rate, stigma size and stigma activity. At the same time, R608 was used as the male parent to measure its outcrossing rate. [Result] The results showed that there were some differences in the stigma exsertion rate, stigma size and stigma activity among five CMS lines. The stigma characteristics of P88S were better, the stigma exsertion rate reached 95.94%, the stigmatic vigor was strong, the viability coefficient was 2.71, and the outcrossing rate was 84.02% in the field. Pei’ai 64S had the smallest stigma length and stigma width of 2.41 and 1.10 mm, respectively. The stigma exsertion rate was 93.04%, stigma activity was the weakest, and outcrossing rate was only 65.47%. The stigma characteristics of Yun 9S, Y58S and Chuang 5S were at medium level, and the outcrossing rate of Yun 9S was higher than that of the other two CMS lines. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between stigma exsertion rate, stigma length, stigma width, stigma area, stigma volume and outcrossed seed setting rate. The correlation coefficients were 0.897 ~ *, 0.934 ~ *, 0.934 ~ *, 0.939 ~ *, 0.937 ~ There was no significant correlation between stigma activity coefficient and outcrossing rate. [Conclusion] According to the stigma characteristics of CMS, it was helpful to save the production cost and increase the seed production of hybrid rice by adopting reasonable assistant pollination method.