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复合宾语(宾语+补足语)是中学英语教材中常见的语法现象,也是同学们学习的难点之一。在高中起始阶段,同学们经过初中三年的学习,已经掌握了复合宾语的一些句型,因此很有必要将它们进行归纳。把握这部分知识的关键在于熟记有关的动词句型。
复合宾语有六种主要句型。
一、名词或代词(宾语)+名词(宾补)
可跟这种复合宾语的动词常见的有call,name,make,elect,choose,think,consider,find,leave等。如:
We call him Jim.
我们叫他吉姆。
We have made him our monitor.
我们推选他为班长。
That year his mother died,leaving him an orphan.
那年他母亲去世了,他成了孤儿。
二、名词或代词+形容词
可跟这种复合宾语的动词常见的有make,find,get,keep,see,like,leave set,think等。如:
Good food keeps you healthy.
好的食物能使你保持健康。
Who left the door open?
谁让门开着?
He had a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting.
他有一种奇妙的办法使得他的教学既生动又有趣。
I hope to see you well soon.
我希望你的病早些好。
注:第一、二类复合宾语有时第一部分不是一个名词或代词,而是一个从句、不定式或是动名词,这时通常要用it代替它,并把这个从句、不定式或动名词放到句子后部去。
1.从句
We all think it a pity that she didn’t show up at the meeting.
她没来开会,我们都觉得很遗憾。
They found it strange that no one would take the money.
他们感到很奇怪谁也不要这笔钱。
2.不定式
The music made it possible for you to fall asleep.
音乐能够使你入睡。
She feels it her duty to support her family.
她觉得养家糊口是她的责任。
3.动名词
Do you consider it any good sending more people over?
你觉得再多派些人去会有好处吗?
能跟这种结构作宾语的动词常见的有think,find,consider,feel,make等。
三、名词或代词+过去分词
可跟这种复合宾语的动词常见的有get,have,make,see,find,hear,feel等。如:
The strange noise made the child frightened.
奇怪的声音使孩子感到恐惧。
He spoke so loudly as to make himself heard.
他大声地说以便能让人听清楚。
四、名词或代词+现在分词
可跟这种复合宾语的动词常见的有see,watch,notice,observe,hear,listen to,look at,find,keep,have,feel等。如:
Can you hear somebody singing outside?
你能听见有人在外面唱歌吗?
I’ll have the car waiting at the entrance.
我让车停在门口等着。
We found the lesson boring.
我们觉得这堂课很令人厌烦。
五、名词或代词+不带to的不定式
可跟这种复合宾语的动词常见的有see,watch,notice,observe,hear,listen to,look at,feel,make,have,let等。如:
I watched all the glasses on the table fall off onto the floor.
我看到桌子上所有的玻璃杯落在地板上了。
He listened to me repeat what Uncle Li had said yesterday.
他听我把李大叔头天说的话又讲了一遍。
The story made me think of the past.
这个故事使我想起了过去的事情。
注:在第四,五两类句型中,动词既可跟现在分词也可跟动词不定式补,区别是:现在分词代表一个正在进行的动作,不定式则表示一个完整的动作(从头进行到底)。
试比较下面句子:
She heard Xiao Li talking with someone.(Xiao Li once talked about it.)
她有一次听到小李谈到这件事。
六、名词或代词+带to的不定式
可跟这种复合宾语的动词常见的有ask,tell,want,wish,expect,order,allow,permit,get,advise,request,require,encourage,would like等。如:
I advise Mr Li to start at once.
我劝小李马上出发。
I’d like you to meet my parents.
我希望你去见我的双亲。
We try to get them to bring down the price.
我们设法请他们让一点价。
注:1.动词help后跟的不定式可带to,也可不带to。美国人通常不加to,但在被动结构中,to不能省略。
He helped me (to) repair my bicycle.
他帮我修理自行车。
2.不能用于句型六的典型动词有hope,agree,suggest,demand等。
我同意他再试一次。
I agree him to have another try.(误)
I agree that he should have another try.(正)
他建议她收下这笔钱。
He suggested her to take the money.(误)
He suggested that she (should) take the money.(正)
He suggested to her to take the money.(正)
He suggested for her to take the money.(正)
3.注意区别promise sb to do sth和allow sb to do sth。
He promised me to come at once.
他答应我马上来。(是他来,不是我来。)
He allowed me to come at once.
他允许我马上来。(是我来,不是他来。)
复合宾语有六种主要句型。
一、名词或代词(宾语)+名词(宾补)
可跟这种复合宾语的动词常见的有call,name,make,elect,choose,think,consider,find,leave等。如:
We call him Jim.
我们叫他吉姆。
We have made him our monitor.
我们推选他为班长。
That year his mother died,leaving him an orphan.
那年他母亲去世了,他成了孤儿。
二、名词或代词+形容词
可跟这种复合宾语的动词常见的有make,find,get,keep,see,like,leave set,think等。如:
Good food keeps you healthy.
好的食物能使你保持健康。
Who left the door open?
谁让门开着?
He had a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting.
他有一种奇妙的办法使得他的教学既生动又有趣。
I hope to see you well soon.
我希望你的病早些好。
注:第一、二类复合宾语有时第一部分不是一个名词或代词,而是一个从句、不定式或是动名词,这时通常要用it代替它,并把这个从句、不定式或动名词放到句子后部去。
1.从句
We all think it a pity that she didn’t show up at the meeting.
她没来开会,我们都觉得很遗憾。
They found it strange that no one would take the money.
他们感到很奇怪谁也不要这笔钱。
2.不定式
The music made it possible for you to fall asleep.
音乐能够使你入睡。
She feels it her duty to support her family.
她觉得养家糊口是她的责任。
3.动名词
Do you consider it any good sending more people over?
你觉得再多派些人去会有好处吗?
能跟这种结构作宾语的动词常见的有think,find,consider,feel,make等。
三、名词或代词+过去分词
可跟这种复合宾语的动词常见的有get,have,make,see,find,hear,feel等。如:
The strange noise made the child frightened.
奇怪的声音使孩子感到恐惧。
He spoke so loudly as to make himself heard.
他大声地说以便能让人听清楚。
四、名词或代词+现在分词
可跟这种复合宾语的动词常见的有see,watch,notice,observe,hear,listen to,look at,find,keep,have,feel等。如:
Can you hear somebody singing outside?
你能听见有人在外面唱歌吗?
I’ll have the car waiting at the entrance.
我让车停在门口等着。
We found the lesson boring.
我们觉得这堂课很令人厌烦。
五、名词或代词+不带to的不定式
可跟这种复合宾语的动词常见的有see,watch,notice,observe,hear,listen to,look at,feel,make,have,let等。如:
I watched all the glasses on the table fall off onto the floor.
我看到桌子上所有的玻璃杯落在地板上了。
He listened to me repeat what Uncle Li had said yesterday.
他听我把李大叔头天说的话又讲了一遍。
The story made me think of the past.
这个故事使我想起了过去的事情。
注:在第四,五两类句型中,动词既可跟现在分词也可跟动词不定式补,区别是:现在分词代表一个正在进行的动作,不定式则表示一个完整的动作(从头进行到底)。
试比较下面句子:
She heard Xiao Li talking with someone.(Xiao Li once talked about it.)
她有一次听到小李谈到这件事。
六、名词或代词+带to的不定式
可跟这种复合宾语的动词常见的有ask,tell,want,wish,expect,order,allow,permit,get,advise,request,require,encourage,would like等。如:
I advise Mr Li to start at once.
我劝小李马上出发。
I’d like you to meet my parents.
我希望你去见我的双亲。
We try to get them to bring down the price.
我们设法请他们让一点价。
注:1.动词help后跟的不定式可带to,也可不带to。美国人通常不加to,但在被动结构中,to不能省略。
He helped me (to) repair my bicycle.
他帮我修理自行车。
2.不能用于句型六的典型动词有hope,agree,suggest,demand等。
我同意他再试一次。
I agree him to have another try.(误)
I agree that he should have another try.(正)
他建议她收下这笔钱。
He suggested her to take the money.(误)
He suggested that she (should) take the money.(正)
He suggested to her to take the money.(正)
He suggested for her to take the money.(正)
3.注意区别promise sb to do sth和allow sb to do sth。
He promised me to come at once.
他答应我马上来。(是他来,不是我来。)
He allowed me to come at once.
他允许我马上来。(是我来,不是他来。)