严重的水土流失,是加重水灾旱灾的危害,是影响山区经济发展,造成贫穷落后的根源。因此,防治水土流失,整治国土,是党和国家既定的政策,也是农业现代化的重要课题。本文拟通过陕西省建国以来水土保持治理状况和典型资料,探讨治理措施和方法。一、脱离实际情况,欲速则不达治理水土流失,也和其它经济工作一样,既要反对急于求成,更要反对消极等待。过去为了加快治理速度,曾提出一些过高的要求:1956年颁布的《农业发展纲要》第13条明确规定“从1956年起,要求12年内,在一切可能的地方,显著地收到保持水土的功 Severe soil and water loss are harming the floods and droughts and are the root causes that affect the economic development of mountain areas and cause poverty and backwardness. Therefore, preventing and controlling soil and water loss and remediation of the territory are the established policies of the party and the state as well as an important issue of agricultural modernization. This article intends to discuss the governance measures and methods through the state of soil and water conservation and typical data since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in Shaanxi Province. First, apart from the actual situation, if we are not going to speed up harnessing water and soil erosion, we should, like other economic work, oppose eagerness and oppose negative wait. In the past, in order to speed up the pace of governance, some excessive demands were put forward: Article 13 of the “Outline for Agricultural Development” promulgated in 1956 clearly stipulates that "since 1956, it requires, within 12 years, prominently receive maintenance of soil and water wherever possible Work