海南岛地处热带北缘,是我国少有的热带地区。岛上生物资源丰富,土地资源潜力很大,气候条件优越,适宜发展橡胶等热带经济作物和热带珍贵林木,具有发展热带大农业的优势。解放以来,海南岛已植胶340万亩,营造用材林、防护林约320万亩,建设大小蓄水工程2,800多宗,水库总库容量65.5亿立方米,有效蓄水量42亿立方米。粮食产量比1949年增加了两倍,成绩显著。但由于缺乏开发经验,致使森林植被破坏严重,热带天然林由解放初期的1,295万亩,减少到现保存的497万亩,覆被率 Hainan Island is located in the northern margin of the tropical, rare tropical regions of our country. The island is rich in biological resources, great potential for land resources, superior climatic conditions, suitable for the development of tropical cash crops such as rubber and tropical precious trees, with the advantage of developing large tropical agriculture. Since the liberation, Hainan Island has planted 340 million mu of plastic, timber and shelter forests to build about 320 million mu, building more than 2,800 large-scale water storage projects, the total reservoir capacity of 6.55 billion cubic meters, the effective storage of 4.2 billion cubic meters. Food production more than tripled in 1949 with remarkable results. However, due to the lack of development experience, the destruction of forest vegetation was serious. The natural tropical forest was reduced from 12.95 million mu in the early period of liberation to 497 mu mu