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机车轴瓦用于机车车辆的轮对轴箱装置内,它承受车辆的自重和载重。其工作特点是:负荷大、振动激烈、转速低。目前,全国有20多万辆机车使用这种轴瓦(每辆有16块)。在各种不同的修程中,对轴瓦瓦衬须部分或全部地重新浇注。轴瓦又是机车的重要零配件之一,其质量的好坏直接关系到咬轴、断轴事故的发生,与行车安全休戚相关,现将浇注工艺介绍于下。一、轴瓦结构机车轴瓦由轴瓦体和轴瓦衬组成(如附图)。轴瓦体采用无槽光滑瓦背结构,材质为球墨铸铁(QT45-5);轴瓦衬材料为铅基轴承合金,成份为:铅78～82%;锑14～15%;锡4～6%;铜0.5%;砷0.2%;其它0.75%,硬度HB20～25。
Locomotive bearings are used in wheel-axle box units of rolling stock, which bear the weight and load of the vehicle. Its work features are: load, vibration, low speed. At present, there are more than 200,000 locomotives in the country that use such bearings (16 per vehicle). In various repairs, the liner must be partially or completely re-poured. Bearing is one of the important spare parts for locomotives. The quality of the bearing is directly related to the bite axis and shaft breaking accidents, which are closely related to traffic safety. The casting process is introduced below. First, the bearing structure Motorcycle bearing bush and bearing bush by the composition (as shown). The bearing body is made of dull and toothed cast iron (QT45-5). The bush lining material is lead-based bearing alloy with the composition of 78-82% of lead, 14-15% of antimony, 4-6% of tin, Copper 0.5%; Arsenic 0.2%; Others 0.75%, Hardness HB20 ~ 25.