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目的研究适合中国国情的针对城市社区中静脉吸毒者的艾滋病综合防治模式。方法开展政策倡导、宣传教育、针具交换和清洁针具、自愿咨询检测、安全套推广、美沙酮社区维持治疗等活动,采取定量和定性方法进行效果评估。结果吸毒者的艾滋病知晓率从23·9%上升到68·6%,最近1月共用针具高危行为从54·1%减少到18·4%,社区、人员和机构能力提高,社会治安有所好转,政府部门和社区主动参与到各项艾滋病防制工作中,形成有利于开展艾滋病防制工作的社会环境。结论在城市社区针对静脉吸毒者开展包括倡导、宣传教育、针具交换、自愿咨询检测、安全套推广、美沙酮治疗等的综合防治措施是控制HIV在城市社区静脉吸毒者中传播的有效手段。
Objective To study the integrated mode of AIDS prevention and control for intravenous drug users in urban communities that is suitable for China’s national conditions. Methods Carry out policy advocacy, publicity and education, exchange of needles and needles, voluntary counseling and testing, promotion of condoms and maintenance of methadone community, etc., and conduct quantitative and qualitative methods to evaluate the effect. Results HIV / AIDS among drug addicts rose from 23.9% to 68.6%. In the most recent January, the share of high-risk HIV-infected needles was reduced from 54.1% to 18.4%. The community, personnel and institutional capacities were improved. Public order As a result, government departments and communities took the initiative to participate in all aspects of AIDS prevention and control and formed a social environment conducive to AIDS prevention and control. Conclusions Comprehensive prevention and control measures for intravenous drug users in urban communities, including advocacy, publicity and education, needle exchange, voluntary counseling and testing, condom promotion and methadone treatment, are effective measures to control HIV transmission among intravenous drug users in urban communities.