跨语言的研究表明,语义演变具有单向性倾向。汉语史研究应该加强语义演变中反复出现的演变模式的探讨,从而揭示语义演变的规律性。词在发生语义演变时,旧词义中总有一部分义素被保留下来,由新的词义继承,保留义素的选择也是有规律可循的,本文讨论了不同机制促动下的词义演变中选择保留义素的原则。 Cross-language research shows that semantic evolution has a one-way tendency. The study of Chinese history should strengthen the discussion of the recurring patterns of evolution in semantic evolution, revealing the regularity of semantic evolution. When the semantic evolution of a word occurs, there are always some semantic elements in the old semantic meaning that are retained and inherited by the new semantic meaning. The choice of the retained semantic elements is also followed in the rule. This article discusses the choice of semantic evolution driven by different mechanisms The principle of preserving the element.