本文研究城乡户籍出身的高学历劳动者之间是否存在累积性的不平等及其具体过程机制。通过分析“首都大学生成长追踪调查”的两期就业数据,发现城乡户籍出身对高学历劳动者工作收入的净影响随时间推移而扩大,而后来的差异又可以由初期工作特征的差异——例如职位晋升机会和教育匹配情况——来解释。用更为综合的就业质量来代替工作收入进行分析,上述发现仍然成立。这验证了累积优势理论所预期的不平等“扩大效应”和“中介效应”。本文还进一步发现,高学历劳动者中城镇出身所带来的累积优势,与高等教育获得过程中可能存在的差异关系不大,而主要来源于其他一般化家庭背景因素的影响。 This paper studies whether there is cumulative inequality and its specific process mechanism among highly educated workers from urban and rural areas. Through the analysis of two employment data of “Capital University Students Growth Tracing Survey”, we found that the net effect of urban-rural household registration on the working income of highly educated workers is expanding over time, and the later differences can be characterized by the differences in initial work characteristics - Such as job promotion opportunities and education matches - to explain. The above finding is still validated by the analysis of more comprehensive employment quality instead of working income. This verifies the expected inequalities “expansion effect ” and “mediation effect ” of the Cumulative Advantage theory. The paper further finds that the accumulated advantages brought by urban origin of highly educated workers have little to do with the differences that may exist in the acquisition of higher education, but mainly come from the influence of other generalized family background factors.