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以1979年以来多期陆地卫星Landsat MSS/TM遥感数据为基础,利用煤矿遥感影像各波段反射率远低于其他地物的典型光谱特征,提取了乌海市煤矿开采区时空分布数据集,并结合SPOT-VEGETATION NDVI数据,对乌海市煤矿开采区的变化过程以及生态环境影响进行了动态监测。结果表明:30a来乌海市煤矿开采区扩张明显,煤矿开采区面积由1979年的2.69km2增加到2010年的109.34km2,净增加106.65km2。煤矿开采过程中侵占了大量耕地、林地和草地,导致1998～2001年乌海市整体生态环境急剧恶化,全市年最大NDVI由1998年的0.2043下降到2001年的0.1231,2000年以后,乌海市煤矿开采区面积虽然仍呈增长趋势,但全市植被覆盖状况有所好转,尤其是2005～2010年植被覆盖状况明显好转,全市年最大NDVI由2005年的0.1417上升到2010年的0.2028。
Based on the multi-temporal Landsat MSS / TM remote sensing data since 1979, the spatial-temporal distribution data set of the mining area in Wuhai City was extracted using the typical spectral characteristics of the remote sensing images of coal mine. Combined with the data of SPOT-VEGETATION NDVI, the dynamic change of the mining area in Wuhai City and the ecological environment were monitored. The results show that the coal mining area in Wuhai City expanded obviously in 30a, and the area of coal mining area increased from 2.69km2 in 1979 to 109.34km2 in 2010 with a net increase of 106.65km2. During the mining process, a large amount of cultivated land, woodland and grassland were occupied, resulting in a sharp deterioration of the overall ecological environment in Wuhai City from 1998 to 2001. The annual maximum NDVI of the city dropped from 0.2043 in 1998 to 0.1231 in 2001. After 2000, Although the area of the coal mining area is still increasing, the vegetation coverage of the whole city has been improved. In particular, the vegetation coverage in 2005-2010 has obviously improved. The annual maximum NDVI of the city rose from 0.1417 in 2005 to 0.2028 in 2010.