论文部分内容阅读
[目的]探讨儿童哮喘患病的危险因素,为哮喘的预防和控制提供依据。[方法]应用病例-对照研究方法,调查上海某区4～15岁经医生诊断的哮喘病例202例和368名对照的个体特征及家庭社会经济、遗传、室内环境因素,用Logistic回归方法分析哮喘患病潜在危险因素。[结果]在调整了混杂因素后,该区儿童青少年哮喘患病的各种危险因素的OR值及95%可信区间分别为:母亲文化程度本科及以上(1.76,1.15～2.71),出生低体重(1.89,1.03～3.47),母亲哮喘(4.27,1.59～11.42),父亲过敏病史(2.94,1.79～4.80),母亲过敏病史(2.21,1.34～3.64),与父母或家人共用卧室(1.66,1.10～2.51),出生至2岁家养毛皮动物(2.24,1.02～4.90),室内环境烟草烟雾(ETS)暴露量(1～10支/d:1.57,1.01～2.43;≥11支/d:2.36,1.06～2.58),使用燃气炉烹调的时间≥45min/d(1.89,1.22～2.83),居室内有霉斑(2.59,1.08～8.06),住宅附近50m内有车辆繁忙的街道(1.70,1.11～2.62)。[结论]遗传因素对哮喘患病的影响最大,减少ETS暴露、避免室内潮湿和霉菌繁殖可能会降低儿童哮喘患病的风险。婴幼儿期免于宠物暴露也可能降低哮喘患病风险。
[Objective] To explore the risk factors of asthma in children and provide basis for the prevention and control of asthma. [Methods] A case-control study was conducted to investigate the individual characteristics and family socioeconomic, genetic and environmental factors of 202 and 368 asthmatic cases diagnosed by a doctor from 4 to 15 years old in a certain district in Shanghai. Logistic regression was used to analyze asthma Potential risk factors for illness. [Results] After adjusting for the confounding factors, OR and 95% confidence intervals of various risk factors of asthma in children and adolescents in this area were: maternal education degree (1.76,1.15 ~ 2.71), low birth rate (1.89,1.03 ~ 3.47), mother’s asthma (4.27,1.59 ~ 11.42), father’s history of allergy (2.94,1.79 ~ 4.80), mother’s history of allergy (2.21,1.34 ~ 3.64), sharing bedroom with parents or family (1.66, 1.10 ~ 2.51), domestic fur-bearing animals (2.24,1.02 ~ 4.90) up to 2 years of age, indoor environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure amount of 1 ~ 10 /d:1.57,1.01~2.43;≥11 /d:2.36 , 1.06 ~ 2.58), gas stove cooking time ≥ 45min / d (1.89,1.22 ~ 2.83), indoor mildew (2.59,1.08 ~ 8.06), residential vehicles within 50m near the busy streets (1.70,1.11 ~ 2.62). [Conclusion] Genetic factors have the greatest impact on the prevalence of asthma. Reducing ETS exposure and avoiding indoor dampness and mold multiplication may reduce the risk of asthma in children. Infant-to-pet exposure may also reduce the risk of asthma.