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目的 :通过对男女自杀未遂者特征的比较 ,了解女性自杀未遂率显著高于男性的原因。方法 :由经过严格培训的调查员用自制调查表对综合医院诊治的病情较重的 3 2 6例自杀未遂病人进行调查 ,并做出精神科诊断 (根据DSM -IV诊断标准 ) ,然后比较男女自杀未遂者 (女 2 48例 ,男 78例 )的特征。结果 :男女自杀未遂者在平均年龄、家庭经济与环境状况、既往自杀未遂次数、自杀方式、自杀意图强度、负性生活事件数目及其对心理的影响程度、精神障碍总的患病率等方面差异无统计学意义。而且男女自杀未遂者前三位常见的负性生活事件相同 :夫妻吵架或不和、生活规律的重大变化和经济困难。但与男性相比 ,女性接受正规教育的年限短 ,现婚的比例高 ,自杀前一直在工作的比例高 ,同住家人的平均年龄较小 ,自杀前一个月内与不同成年家属的接触天数之和较少 ,酒精依赖的患病率低 (P均 <0 0 5 )。结论 :农村地区病情较重的男女自杀未遂者多数与自杀有关的关键特征相似 ,因此需要进一步寻找导致女性自杀未遂率显著高于男性的关键因素。
OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics of attempted suicide among men and women to find out the reasons why the suicide rate of female suicides is significantly higher than that of males. Methods: A self-made questionnaire was conducted by a carefully trained investigator to investigate 32 6 suicide patients who were diagnosed with severe illness in a general hospital and to make a psychiatric diagnosis (based on the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria) Suicide attempts (488 females, 78 males). Results: The average age, family economic and environmental status, number of previous suicide attempts, suicide patterns, suicidal intent intensity, the number of negative life events and their impact on mental status, the overall prevalence of mental disorders The difference was not statistically significant. And the first three common negative life events of attempted suicide by both men and women are the same: quarrels or disagreements between husband and wife, major changes in the laws of life, and economic hardship. However, compared with men, women have a shorter duration of formal education, a higher proportion of newly married women, a higher proportion of people who have been working before suicide, a smaller average age of family members, days of contact with different adult family members in the month before suicide Less and the prevalence of alcohol dependence was lower (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the attempted suicide suicide among men and women with severe illness in rural areas is similar to most of the key features related to suicide. Therefore, it is necessary to further search for the key factors that lead to the high rate of female suicide attempts in males.