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[目的]调查磨石工人的矽肺和肺结核发病率,并分析矽肺和肺结核的危险因素.[方法]X线摄片确认矽肺和肺结核病例,肺结核加以痰检确认.测定粉尘样品的浓度和二氧化硅含量.[结果]1995～2001年矽肺发病率分别是16.9‰,17.0‰,7.1‰,20.7‰,13.2‰,17.1‰.根据监测记录,可吸入颗粒物和二氧化硅的最高浓度分别为(9.35±10.08) mg/m3和(6.47±9.32)%,均高于接触阈限值(TLV)50%.南部地区的矽肺发病率最高,达56.3‰.发病率的增加与高粉尘浓度明显相关.肺结核的发病率是3.7‰,东北地区的最高,达15.1‰.中部和东部地区的矽肺-肺结核发病率为0.44‰.Suphanburi地区的危险因素研究中,矽肺和肺结核的发病率分别为91.5‰和18.3‰,并发现危险因素如性别、年龄、接触时间、吸烟和缺乏个人防护.此研究发现矽肺发病率除矽尘外,还与年龄、吸烟年数和缺乏个人防护有关.[结论]本实验结果提示,有必要在泰国建立全国磨石工人数据库,推行卫生监测和国家职业卫生服务项目.“,”[Objective] The purpose of this study was to investigate the morbidity of silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis among stone grinding workers and to study the related risk factors that can influence the morbidity of silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis. [Methods] The chest radiogram identified the silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis case. The sputum analysis was used to determine pulmonary tuberculosis. In addition,the dust samples were analyzed to determine the dust concentration and the content of SiO2%. [Results] The results showed that during 1995～2001 the silicosis incidence was 16.9,17.0,7.1,20.7,13.2 and 17.1 per 1 000,respectively. According to monitoring record,the highest respirable dust concentration was 9.35±10.08 mg/m3 and the content of SiO2 was 6.47±9.32% that was 50 per cent exceeding threshold limit value (TLV). The highest silicosis incidence was 56.3 per 1 000 at the south region and the incidence of increment was significantly associated with the higher dust concentration. The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 3.7 per 1 000 and the highest was 15.1 per 1 000 in the northeast region. For the silicotuberculosis in the central and east regions,the incidence was 0.44 per 1 000. Finally,the related risk factors were studied in Suphanburi province,there the silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis incidences were 91.5 and 18.3 percent,respectively. This study also demonstrated the risk factors such as sex,age,exposure time,tobacco consumption,and lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) usage. The study found that the incidence of silicosis was significantly associated with the age,exposure time,year of smoking and lack of PPE usage. [Conclusion] The results suggested that there is a need for developing a national database for silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis among stone grinding workers,executing a medical surveillance and a national occupational medical service program.