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如普通抗菌素对面、颈部软性肿胀无效,则应怀疑为放线菌病(actinomycosis)。此病常继发于牙齿感染、手术、粘膜轻度外伤、上呼吸道或消化道轻微破损后,无氧环境为放线菌生长的必要条件。放线菌属生长缓慢、革兰氏染色阳性、有分支及发生菌丝体的倾向、缺少核膜及线粒体、细胞壁含有葡糖胺与乳酸之缩合酸(muramic acid)及赖氨酸(lysine),一般霉菌的细胞壁上没有这两种成份,但霉菌所特有的壳质(chitin)与葡聚糖(glucons)放线菌却缺如。
As opposed to ordinary antibiotics, neck soft swelling is invalid, it should be suspected actinomycosis (actinomycosis). This disease often secondary to tooth infections, surgery, mucosal mild trauma, upper respiratory tract or digestive tract minor damage, the anaerobic environment is necessary for the growth of actinomycetes. Actinomyces is slow growth, positive Gram stain, branching and the tendency of mycelium, the lack of nuclear membranes and mitochondria, the cell wall containing glucosamine and lactic acid condensation (muramic acid) and lysine (lysine) In general, there are no two components on the cell wall of the mold, but the chitin and glucons actinomycetes unique to the mold are absent.