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目的探讨宫内人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus,HCMV)感染对新生大鼠神经系统发育的动态影响。方法建立宫内HCMV感染SD大鼠模型,于1、3、6月龄时分别对实验组与对照组进行Morris水迷宫、悬吊实验、斜坡实验、旷场实验等神经行为学检测,实验前后分别采用光镜、电镜观察两组脑组织病理动态变化特点。结果与正常对照组比较,实验组1、3、6月龄时的Morris水迷宫逃避潜伏期、游泳距离均显著高于对照组,同时其穿越平台次数显著低于对照组,且随着年龄增加,其穿越平台能力下降越明显(F=45.09,P<0.01);运动能力方面:实验组大鼠1、3、6月龄,悬吊实验得分(1.49±0.53、1.23±0.46、0.93±0.35)显著低于对照组(1.98±0.25、2.14±0.69、2.29±0.49),差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.001,两独立样本非参数检验);表明宫内HCMV感染新生大鼠其运动能力显著降低;旷场试验结果:实验组大鼠1、3、6月龄,跨格子数(44.0±7.32、37.40±9.56、26.62±8.87)显著低于对照组(54.27±8.14、55.27±9.36、57.07±9.65),差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。病理结果显示随年龄增长,实验组子代鼠的海马结构及神经髓鞘呈进行性破坏。结论宫内HCMV感染可以导致新生大鼠出现神经行为异常,表现为学习记忆、运动功能和情绪行为发育的异常加重。
Objective To investigate the dynamic effects of intrauterine infection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) on the development of nervous system in neonatal rats. Methods SD rat model of intrauterine infection with HCMV was established. Morris water maze test, suspension test, slope test and open field test were performed on experimental group and control group at 1, 3 and 6 months of age respectively. Before and after the experiment Light microscopy and electron microscopy were used to observe the pathological changes of brain tissue in both groups. Results Compared with the normal control group, the escape latency and swimming distance of Morris water maze at 1, 3, and 6 months old in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, meanwhile, the number of passing through the platform was significantly lower than that of the control group. With the increase of age, The ability to pass through the platform was more obvious (F = 45.09, P <0.01). In the aspect of exercise ability, the rats in the experimental group had a mean of 1.49 ± 0.53, 1.23 ± 0.46 and 0.93 ± 0.35, (1.98 ± 0.25,2.14 ± 0.69,2.29 ± 0.49), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001, two independent samples of non-parametric test); intrauterine HCMV infection in neonatal rats with exercise capacity Significantly lower than the control group (P <0.05). In the open-field test, the number of cross-grids at 1, 3 and 6 months old in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (44.2 ± 7.32, 37.40 ± 9.56 and 26.62 ± 8.87, 57.07 ± 9.65), the difference was statistically significant (all P <0.05). Pathological results showed that with age, the hippocampal formation and neuron myelin in the descendants of rats in the experimental group showed progressive destruction. Conclusion Intrauterine HCMV infection can lead to neurobehavioral abnormalities in neonatal rats, manifested as abnormal learning and memory, motor function and emotional development.